Docker: Update versions of Go, Node, PHP, Ruby

- Go: Drop 1.20, Add 1.22
- Node: Drop 18, Add 21
- PHP: Add 8.3
- Ruby: Add 3.3

Perl and Python are still up-to-date with upstream releases

Regenerating the Dockerfiles also picks up the logging change from
183a1e9d63

pkg/docker/Dockerfile.wasm

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ RUN set -ex \
     && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove build-essential \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
     && rm -f /requirements.apt \
-    && ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/unit.log
+    && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/unit.log
 
 COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
 COPY welcome.* /usr/share/unit/welcome/